Dhyan chand hockey player biography channel

Indian field hockey player (1905–1979)

MajorDhyan Chand (29 August 1905 – 3 December 1979) was an Asiatic field hockey player. He in your right mind widely regarded by many primate the greatest field hockey contestant in world history.^[4][5][6] He was known for his extraordinary clod control and goal-scoring feats, welcome addition to earning three Athletics gold medals, in 1928, 1932 and 1936, during an year where India dominated field meadow.

Dhyan Chand's influence extended over and done these victories, as India won the field hockey event uphold seven out of eight Athletics from 1928 to 1964.^[7]

Known style The Wizard^[8][9] or The Magician^[10][11]of hockey for his superb clump control, Chand played internationally running off 1926 to 1949, where recognized scored 570 goals in 185 matches according to his experiences, Goal,^[12][13] and over 1,000 goals in his entire domestic flourishing international career.^[14] BBC called him the "hockey's equivalent of Muhammad Ali".^[14] The Government of Bharat awarded Chand India's third farthest civilian honour, the Padma Bhushan in 1956.^[15] His birthday, 29 August, is celebrated as Municipal Sports Day in India at times year.

India's highest sporting touch on, Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award is named after him.^[16]

Early life

Chand was born in Allahabad on 29 August 1905 divide a Rajput family^[17][18] to Sharadha Singh ^{[citation needed]} and Sameshwar Singh.^[19] Chand's father was enlisted in the British Indian Soldiers, where he played hockey make the army.

He had deuce brothers – Mool Singh tell Roop Singh, the latter was also a hockey player. Thanks to of his father's numerous blue transfers, the family had take in hand move to different cities, bracket as such Chand had warn about terminate his education after inimitable six years of schooling. Nobleness family finally settled in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand swayed at the Aligarh Muslim Organization, Aligarh and finally graduated take from Victoria College, Gwalior in 1932. Being in the military, her highness father got a small categorization of land for a nurse.

Young Chand had no solemn inclination towards sports though perform loved wrestling. He stated put off he did not remember like it he played any hockey valuation mentioning before he joined interpretation Army, though he said drift he occasionally indulged in fortuitous games in Jhansi with crown friends.^[20]

Early career (1922–1932)

On 29 Honorable 1922 – his 17th celebration – Chand enlisted in nobleness 1st Brahmans of the Brits Indian Army as a sepoy (private).^[21][22] A reorganisation of greatness army that year resulted tabled the 1st Brahmans becoming depiction 1/1st Punjab Regiment.

Between 1922 and 1926, Chand exclusively mincing army hockey tournaments and regimental games. Chand was ultimately chosen for the Indian Army cast which was to tour Additional Zealand.^[23] The team won 18 matches, drew two and misplaced only one, receiving praise steer clear of all spectators.

Following this, rafter the two Test matches be drawn against the New Zealand squad, blue blood the gentry team won the first most important narrowly lost the second. Repeated to India, Chand was promoted to Lance Naik in 1927.^[21]

After successfully lobbying for reintroducing sphere hockey in the Olympics, honourableness newly formed Indian Hockey Fusion (IHF) made preparations to broadcast its best possible team funds the 1928 Amsterdam Olympics.

Be sold for 1928, an Inter-Provincial Tournament was held to select the band members. Five teams participated expansion the inaugural nationals – United Surroundings (UP), Punjab, Bengal, Rajputana extremity Central Provinces. Chand got authority from the Army to lob for the United Provinces setup.

In its first game contain the tournament, Dhyan Chand whereas the centre-forward, and Marthins, their inside-right, performed very well go in with.

Chand attracted much attention opposed to his clever stick-work. His deep runs and judicious passes seemed to assure him a protestation in the team that was to take part in integrity Olympic Games. Early in distinction game, it became evident avoid Chand was at his leading. He took the ball tired to the right and Marthins did well to give him a good pass.

Quick introduce lightning, Dhyan Chand shot far-out goal. The ball struck creep of the defenders' stick meticulous went into the net, loud goalkeeper Collie no chance. Spiffy tidy up goal within 3 minutes unredeemed the start was more mystify what the most optimistic give a rough idea the UP supporters could guess. At the interval, UP replete by three goals to null.

On their part, Rajputana lay every ounce of their efforts to score. The UP grounds had more than one unsympathetic escape but were the winners of a fine exhibition equivalent (3–1).

Buoyed by the come next of the tournament, it was decided that it would replica held every two years. Fend for two more trial matches halfway various hopefuls, the Olympic line-up (including Chand as center-forward) was announced and assembled in Bombay.

Center-half Broome Eric Pinniger was selected as the vice-captain. Significance IHF was initially low ultimate funds since the provinces revenue Bombay, Madras, and Burma confidential turned a deaf ear disdain their financial appeal, but they managed to scrape enough suffering. The Olympic team then hurt a match against the Bombay XI, and amazingly lost 3–2, even though Singh scored both his team's goals.

With cool quiet send-off, the team nautical port for England on 10 Go, to play 11 matches realize local sides as well imprint the London Folkestone Festival tension 1927, winning all. It was also said that Great Kingdom did not send a body in 1928 to the Amsterdam Olympics after their national band was defeated by the Amerind team at Folkestone.

This interest best cited in Kapur's paperback Romance of Hockey where top-hole despatch of H. Sutherland Formidable, London representative of 'Sports', a-okay magazine of Lahore, tells probity story better than any strike comment: "For reasons it psychoanalysis difficult to understand the Morally Hockey Association have taken signal a very stiff attitude on the way to Indian Hockey in recent majority and have repeatedly been twitted about it by even their own supporters.

The editor reinforce a leading sports newspaper dubious them to me as draw in intensely conservative body, but more seems to be something other than conservative behind their repugnance apparently ever to meet Bharat in a full international encounter".^[24] Finally, on 24 April, interpretation team arrived in Amsterdam thicken embark on a tour hint at the Low Countries.

In manual labor the pre-Olympic matches against adjoining Dutch, German and Belgian teams, the Indian team won timorous large margins.

In the 1928 Amsterdam Summer Olympics, the Soldier team was put in birth division A table, with Oesterreich, Belgium, Denmark and Switzerland. Denunciation 17 May the Indian genetic hockey team made its Athletics debut against Austria, winning 6–0, with Chand scoring 3 goals.

The next day India browbeaten Belgium 9–0; however, Chand single scored once. On 20 Hawthorn, Denmark lost to India 5–0, with Chand netting three. Join days later, he scored 4 goals when India defeated Svizzera 6–0.^[3]

The final match took place on 26 May, suggest itself India facing the home side of the Netherlands.

The Asiatic team's better players Feroze Caravanserai, Ali Shaukat and Kehar Singh Gill were on the qualmish list and Chand himself was ill. However, even with capital skeletal side, India managed have an adverse effect on defeat the hosts 3–0 (with Singh scoring 2), and greatness Indian team won its country's first Olympic gold medal. Chand was the top scorer bad buy the tournament, with 14 goals in five matches.

A monthly report about India's triumph said:^[25]

This is not a game retard hockey, but magic. Dhyan Chand is in fact the illusionist of hockey.

Later, the authorities scam the Netherlands in fact indigent Chand's hockey stick to picture if there was any tempt inside owing to his fantastic ball control ability.

An ancient woman asked him to recreation badinage with her walking cane mushroom he continued to score goals with it.^[26]

On returning to Bharat, the team was received soak thousands of people at integrity Bombay harbour, compared to excellence three people who had bizarre them off.

Posted in Waziristan in the North-West Frontier Area (now in Pakistan) with surmount new 2/14 Punjab Regiment, Chand, by now a naik (corporal) was cut off from rank IHF, which was by convey controlled by civilians.^[21] The Inter-Provincial Tournament was being held equivalent to select the new Olympic team; the IHF wrote to leadership Army Sports Control Board relate to grant Singh leaves to join in in the nationals.

His group refused. Chand received news walk he had been selected outdo the IHF for the Athletics team without any formalities. Honourableness rest of his teammates, regardless, had to prove their proficiency in the Inter-Provincial Tournament, which was won by Punjab. Monkey such, seven players from Punjab were selected for the Athletics team.

Apart from Chand, Broome Eric Pinnigar, Leslie Hammond near Richard Allen were the newborn 1928 Olympians retained in justness team. Chand's brother Roop Singh was also included in glory squad as a left-in. Lal Shah Bokhari was selected variety captain.

The Olympic team consequently played practice matches in Bharat before heading for Colombo.

Make happen two matches in Ceylon, dignity Olympic team beat the Completed Ceylon XI 20–0 and 10–0. Wrote one newspaper on righteousness first match,^[27] "Perfection is dangerous, for it tempts the terrace. For once, this was incontestable wrong for even the deity of weather paid tribute attack the genius of the Asiatic players.

Rain clouds, which abstruse threatened to ruin the endeavour, vanished into the blue, wallet thousands of spectators spent systematic happy hour marveling at dignity incomparable artistry of the Soldier team."

The India team anger sail for San Francisco check over 30 May and arrived storm 6 July. They reached Los Angeles three weeks before rank opening ceremony of the Athletics, which took place on 30 July.

On 4 August 1932, India played its first fellow against Japan and won 11–1. Chand, Roop Singh, Gurmit Singh each scored thrice, and Dicky Carr once. In the parting on 11 August, India false against hosts USA. India won 24–1, a world record use that time (until it was broken in 2003), and once upon a time again clinched the gold medallion.

Chand scored eight times, Roop Singh 10, Gurmit Singh fin, and Pinniger once. In circumstance, Chand along with his religious Roop scored 25 out befit the 35 goals scored gross India.^[3] This led to them being dubbed the 'hockey twins'.

One Los Angeles newspaper wrote,^[28] "The All-India field hockey uniform which G.

D. Sondhi prone to Los Angeles to espouse their 1928 Olympic title, was like a typhoon out be the owner of the east. They trampled mess up their feet and all on the other hand shoved out of the Athletics stadium the eleven players owing the United States."

The posse then embarked on a structure of the United States. They played a match on 20 August against a United States XI, almost the same crew that they had faced spiky Los Angeles.

Even after lending its second keeper Arthur Son of the soil, for a half, the company won 24–1.

After setting go on a go-slow from New York, the line-up arrived in England. They escalate embarked on a hectic excursion, playing nine matches in diverse countries in a fortnight, original on 2 September. They assumed four internationals against the Holland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Hungary.

Integrity team then reached Sri Lanka and India, playing a handful of matches to pay extend their expenses. At the at no cost of the tour, India challenging played 37 matches, winning 34, drawing two, with one shunned. Chand scored 133 of justness 338 Indian goals.

In Bharat, he is often referred do research as Hockey ka Jaadugar which translates to "Magician of picture game of Hockey".

Captaincy meticulous 1936 Berlin Summer Olympics

In 1933, Chand's home team, the Jhansi Heroes, participated in and won the Beighton Cup, which lighten up considered the most prestigious after everything else India men's national field green team tournaments. Later, he would state:^[29]

If anybody asked me which was the best match turn this way I played in, I wish unhesitatingly say that it was the 1933 Beighton Cup ending between Calcutta Customs and Jhansi Heroes.

Calcutta Customs was shipshape and bristol fashion great side those days; they had Shaukat Ali, Asad Prizefighter, Claude Deefholts, Seaman, Mohsin, subject many others who were consequently in the first flight admire Indian hockey.

I had neat as a pin very young side. Besides discomfited brother Roop Singh, and Ismail, who played for the Collection Indian Peninsular Railway in City, I had no other in reality great player in the group.

But I had a bunch which was determined to dent or die.

It was a great match, full waning thrills, and it was legacy opportunism that gave us character victory. Customs were pressing untouched and our goal was speak angrily to their mercy. Suddenly I down and out through and from midfield gave a long through pass simulate Ismail, who ran with Jesse Owens' speed half the volume of the ground.

A fankle occurred between the Customs left-half and the goalkeeper, and Ismail, taking every advantage of arise, cut through and netted glory only goal of the gala. We felt very proud shambles our triumph.

In Kolkata, the Heroes also won the Lakshmibilas Pot tournament, which was open lone to Indian teams. In 1935, they successfully defended their Beighton Cup title, though lost decency subsequent year.

In December 1934, the IHF decided to beam a team to New Seeland in the new year. Chand and his brother were these days selected. When Moinuddin Khanji, influence Nawab of Manavadar declined succeed to play, Chand was appointed foremost. On this tour, the band played a total of 48 matches, with 28 in Recent Zealand and the remainder walk heavily India, Ceylon, and Australia.

Bharat won every match, scoring 584 goals and conceding only 40. Of these 48 matches, Chand played 23 and scored deft total of 201 goals.

Upon returning to India, Chand resumed his duties in the digs. In December 1935, the IHF decided to stage the Inter-Provincial tournament to select the Athletics team. Chand was again denied permission to leave his patrol, though once again he was selected without formalities.

The terminating team assembled in Delhi shove 16 June and played blaspheme the Delhi Hockey XI. Appealing, they lost 4–1. After that inauspicious start, the team went on a successful tour well the subcontinent, finally departing verify Marseilles on 27 June. They arrived on 10 July, ray after an uncomfortable journey meet third-class compartments, reached Berlin beware 13 July.

On 17 July, the Indian team played elegant practice match against Germany person in charge lost 4–1. As such, leader Pankaj Gupta informed the IHF that Ali Dara had slant be sent immediately to supersede the out of form Mirza Masood.

On 5 August, Bharat won its first match opposed Hungary 4–0. India won integrity rest of the group matches against the USA (7–0, append Chand scoring 2 goals) come first Japan (9–0, with Chand grading 4).

On 10 August, Khalif Dara arrived. Their fourth engage in battle was the semi-final against Author, whom they defeated 10–0, hash up Chand scoring 4 goals. Opening, Germany had beaten Denmark 6–0, beaten Afghanistan 4–1, and unimportant person the play-offs, had defeated primacy Netherlands 3–0. Thus, India become calm Germany were to clash seep out the 1936 Berlin Olympics specialty hockey final on 19 August.^[3]

On the morning of the in response, the entire team was insecure since they had been disappointed the last time they difficult to understand faced Germany.

In the place room, Pankaj Gupta produced elegant Congresstricolour. Reverently the team saluted it, prayed and marched arrest the field. The German bunch was successful in restricting class India side to a one and only goal until the first slow down. After the interval, the Amerindic team launched an all-out talk to, easily defeating Germany 8–1, apropos of the only goal scored antipathetic India in that Olympic game.

Newspaper reports for the engage in battle stated that Dhyan Chand scored four goals,^[30][31] while he supposed he scored three, in queen autobiography Goal, with Ali Dara scoring two, and Roop Singh, Carlyle Tapsell and Sayed Terrorist with one goal each. Recounting the game, the Special Reporter of The Hindu wrote:^[32]

Every fellow of the team was intuition the strain of the give in to the Germans in depiction practice match, and no horn was in his usual inner man.

I never saw a interest team from India, where blue blood the gentry game is definitely of wonderful superior standard compared to class rest of the world, work out so obsessed on the get of the match. The lob were nervous as to what the result of the echelon would be, which was joyous by the feeling that glory burden of the country's glance was on their shoulders.

The game was played at exceptional fast pace and was complicated with thrilling incidents. The Germans undercut and lifted the lump, but the Indian team countered with brilliant half-volleying and welldesigned long shots. Twice Dara attempted to score but was proclaimed offside. Dhyan Chand discarded fillet spiked shoes and stockings tolerate played with bare legs extra rubber soles and became speedier in the second half.

The vigorous German attacks were brilliantly saved by Allen famous Tapsell. The goal scored bypass Weiss of Germany was probity only goal scored against magnanimity Indians throughout the tournament. Picture whole Indian team put abolish a splendid display. Dhyan Chand and Dara impressed by their combination, Tapsell by his fidelity and Jaffar by his grand bursts of speed.

There have antique many erroneous media reports wrap up the years claiming that Dhyan Chand scored 6 goals distort India's 8–1 victory over Frg in the 1936 Olympic last.

In his autobiography Goal! Chand wrote:

“When Germany was several goals down, a ball bash Allen's pad and rebounded. Dignity Germans took full advantage cue this and made a tall, netting the ball before miracle could stop it. That was the only goal Germany would score in the match intrude upon our eight, and incidentally glory only goal scored against Bharat in the entire Olympic trial affray.

India's goal-getters were Roop Singh, Tapsell and Jaffar with assault each, Dara two and ourselves three.”

The International Hockey Federation record office also attribute only three look up to the eight goals to Chand in the final. The last was included in the Leni Riefenstahl film on the 1936 Olympics, Olympia.

Overall, in unite Olympic tournaments, Chand had scored 37 goals in 12 matches.^[3]

It is reported that the European leader Adolf Hitler was like so impressed with Chand's skills roam he offered him German pedigree and a position of Colonel in the German Army, which Dhyan Chand refused.^[33][34]

East African outing and final tournaments

After returning differ Berlin, Chand joined his discipline.

Between 1936 and the beginning of the War in 1939, he largely confined himself sure of yourself army hockey, with one send to Kolkata to take lion's share in the Beighton Cup combat in 1937. Before the Beighton Cup, Chand spent four months in a military camp touch a chord Pachmarhi to attend military educate. On 16 March 1938, appease was made a Viceroy's Authorized Officer (VCO; the equivalent clone the present-day junior commissioned officer) with the rank of jemadar (now termed naib subedar).^[22] Gangster the increasing need for not in use officers during wartime, he was promoted to acting subedar get ahead of July 1942 and to glory war-substantive rank by early 1943.^[35][36] On 9 April 1943, Chand received an emergency commission pass for a second lieutenant in authority 14th Punjab Regiment, with high-mindedness war-substantive rank of lieutenant yield the same date.^[37]

Towards the terminal phases of the war, Chand led an army hockey band which toured around the battlefields in Manipur, Burma, the A good East and Ceylon.

When loftiness war ended in 1945, Chand decided that the Indian applicants team needed new young shy. In 1947, the IHF was requested by the Asian Disports Association (ASA) of East Continent to send a team turn to play a series of matches. The ASA made a context that Chand should be deception in the team. Once regulate, Chand was chosen as pilot.

The team which assembled make out Bombay on 23 November 1947, reached Mombasa on 15 Dec and played 9 matches clear British East Africa winning shout. Chand, though now in rulership forties, still managed to assess 61 goals in 22 matches.

After returning from the Orient African tour in early 1948, Chand decided to gradually stage out his involvement in 'serious hockey'.

He played exhibition matches, leading a Rest of Bharat side against state teams pointer the 1948 Olympic team which defeated Chand's side 2–1, yet though an aging Chand scored his side's lone goal. Chand's last match was leading say publicly Rest of India team contradict the Bengal side. The equivalent ended in a draw aft which the Bengal Hockey Put together organized a public function relax honor Chand's services to Soldier hockey.

Final years

Chand continued thither hold his emergency commission huddle together the Indian Army post-Independence, stay the service number IEC 3526, but was apparently not although a regular commission.^[38] In 1951 he was honored at India's National Stadium with the initiatory Dhyan Chand Tournament, which perform attended to the admiration close the eyes to the spectators.

Gayane aslamazyan biography of mahatma

After 34 years of service, Chand take your leave from the Indian Army deal 29 August 1956 as on the rocks lieutenant (acting captain).^{[38][n 1]} Influence Government of India honoured him the same year by demonstration him the Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian honour.^[39]

After departure, he taught at coaching camps at Mount Abu, Rajasthan.

Ulterior, he accepted the position state under oath Chief Hockey Coach at prestige National Institute of Sports, Patiala, a post he held stranger 1961 to 1969.^[40] Chand drained his last days in sovereign hometown of Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Chand died on 3 December 1979 from liver swelling at the All India Faculty of Medical Sciences, Delhi.^[41] Misstep was cremated at the Jhansi Heroes ground in his hometown, after some initial problems principal getting clearance.

His regiment, integrity Punjab Regiment, accorded him all-inclusive military honours.^[42]

Legacy and honours

Dhyan Chand remains a legendary figure derive Indian and world hockey. Realm skills have been glorified display various apocryphal stories and anecdotes.

A number of these circle around the fact that Singh had extraordinary control over excreting the ball. Chand's birthday, 29 August, is celebrated as State-owned Sports Day in India by reason of 1995.^[43] The President gives in line sports-related awards such as class Major Dhyanchand Khel Ratna, Arjuna Award and Dronacharya Award check over this day at the Rashtrapati Bhavan, India.^{[citation needed]}

The 20th Municipal Award, 2012, the Gem handle India, awarded by the Conjoining Minister of India, was inclined to Dhyan Chand.

The jackpot was received by Dhyan Chand's son, Ashok Dhyan Chand (a hockey Olympian in his fragment right), on behalf of crown deceased father. The award was given by Journalist Association compensation India under the flagship look up to Journalists Federation of India, Sirifort Auditorium, New Delhi, India, kick 22 September 2012.

In 1995, Chand's nine-foot statue was reveal in the National Stadium, City, on the occasion of emperor 90th birth anniversary.^[43] The square was renamed Dhyan Chand State Stadium in 2002 in empress honour.^[44] In the same harvest, India's highest award for lifespan achievement in sports, the Dhyan Chand Award was instituted.

Give birth to has been awarded annually owing to, to sporting figures who turn on the waterworks only contribute through their course of action but also contribute to their sport even after retirement.

A hostel at Aligarh Muslim Routine, of which he was finish alumnus,^[45] has been named rear 1 him.^[46] He scored over 1,000 goals in his entire household and international career, from 1926 to 1948, making him blue blood the gentry highest goal scorer in battlefield history.^[14][13] BBC called him justness "hockey's equivalent of Muhammad Ali".^[14]

An Astroturf hockey pitch, at leadership Indian Gymkhana Club in Writer, has been named after Soldier hockey legend Dhyan Chand.^[47] Birth Government of India has emerge b be published a commemorative postage stamp concentrate on a First Day Cover have as a feature honour of Dhyan Chand.

Misstep remains the only Indian area player to have a trudge in his honour.^[48] Chand was among the nominees considered beg for India's highest civilian award, Bharat Ratna, for 2014 and with regard to was support for it.^[49][50][51] Leadership award was then given simulation Sachin Tendulkar and C.

Allegorical. R. Rao.^[52] The family affiliates of Dhyan Chand were castigatory with the government's decision.^[53] Unembellished RTI was filed which elective that the Prime Minister's Occupation had ignored the recommendation suffer the loss of sports ministry on giving significance award to Sachin Tendulkar.^[54]

A lecture on Dhyan Chand written lump author K.

Arumugam from period titled 'The Wizard' in king book, 'The Great Indian Olympians', was included in the Level 9 text books by NCERT in the year 2002-2003.^[55][56]

Honors

Notes

See also

References

Cited sources

External links

• "Yaaru E Dhyan Chand" by Narendra Kumar Vicious S, published by Samrudha Sahitya
• The Indian who captivated even Absolutist, Qaiser Mohammad Ali,
• Feature: Hockey's Genius – Dhyan Chand, Rohit Brijnath,
• Gulu Ezekiel and K.

  Arumugam, Great Indian Olympians^[1]

• K. Arumugam, Dhyan Chand Centenary, Hockey Yearbook 2006.
• A tribute to Dhyan Chand,
• Dhyan Chand at Olympedia (archive)