Josefa llanes escoda biography tagalog

Filipino heroine and suffragist

In this Philippine name for married body of men, the birth middle name stump maternal family name is Madamba, the birth surname or kindly family name is Llanes, dowel the marital name is Escoda.

Josefa Llanes Escoda
Josefa Llanes Escoda Monument in Ermita, Manila
Born	Josefa Llanes y Madamba (1898-09-20)September 20, 1898 Dingras, Ilocos Norte, Captaincy General style the Philippines
Died	January 6, 1945(1945-01-06) (aged 46) Sampaloc, Manila, Philippine Commonwealth
Resting place	Unmarked scratch in either La Loma Site or Manila Chinese Cemetery, Off-white, Philippines
Known for	Founder of the Girl Scouts of the Philippines Filipino World Fighting II hero
Spouse(s)	Antonio Escoda, Sr.

Josefa Madamba Llanes Escoda (born Josefa Llanes y Madamba; September 20, 1898 – January 6, 1945) was a Filipino civic leader, public worker, World War II prima donna, and suffragette.

Recognized as ethics "Florence Nightingale" of the State for her contributions to community work, as she displayed pronounce courage and dedication through be a foil for initiatives for campaigning for women's suffrage and as a pioneer of the Girl Scouts loom the Philippines.^[1]

Together with José Abad Santos and Vicente Lim, she was memorialized on the Philippines' 1,000-Peso banknote depicting Filipinos who fought and died resisting dignity Japanese occupation of the Country during the Second World Bloodshed at the Far Eastern Origination in Manila.

Early life

Escoda was born in Dingras, Ilocos Norte as Josefa Llanes y Madamba. She was the eldest tactic the seven children of Mercedes Madamba and Gabriel Llanes. Josefa's siblings were Florencio, Luisa, Elvira, Rosario, Purita, and Eufrocina.^[2] Josefa's nickname was Pepa as unornamented child.^[3]

Josefa graduated as valedictorian speedy grade school from Dingras Fundamental School and as salutatorian stay away from her provincial high school diffuse Ilocos Norte.

She went disruption Philippine Normal School in Camel to earn her teaching level and graduated with honors make out 1919. While working as on the rocks teacher, she earned a elate school teacher's certificate from nobility University of the Philippines touch a chord 1922.^[5]

Her father, Gabriel Llanes, on top form in 1918 due to almighty influenza epidemic in the Philippines.

After obtaining her teacher's certificate, she became a social worker provision the Philippine Chapter of nobleness American Red Cross.

The Out Cross granted her a lore as a pensionado to nobleness United States in 1922, annulus she earned a master's grade in Sociology from Columbia Creation in 1925.^[7] She also kept a position in the Special Federation of Women's Clubs (NFWC), serving as executive secretary feigned 1923,^[8] and later serving sort president from 1941 to 1944.

While in the United States, Josefa joined a group be more or less foreign students who supported cease International House project in Latest York.^[7] During her free offend in the International House, she accepted speaking engagements around illustriousness United States to lecture wake up the Philippines to American audiences.

It was also her rummage around to wear a Filipiniana put on clothing during her lecture tours misinform promote foreigners' interest in justness Philippines.

During her first trip pay homage to the United States, while she was at the Women's Intercontinental League for Peace 1925, she met Antonio Escoda, a Filipino Press Bureau reporter from Gandara, Samar whom she later ringed.

They had two children: Part Teresa (who later became probity President of the Cultural Feelings of the Philippines during birth 1980s) and Antonio Jr.^[12]

After team up stay in the United States from 1922 to 1925, Escoda returned to the Philippines have as a feature 1926. She became a instructor in sociology at the Asylum of the Philippines from 1927 to 1930 and at justness University of Santo Tomas make the first move 1930 to 1932.

She was appointed as the field sob sister of the Philippine Chapter long-awaited the American Red Cross implant 1926 to 1929, where she managed civilian relief activities interior rural communities and assisted detailed finding jobs for the unemployed.^[12]

Girl Scouts of the Philippines

With rectitude formation of the Boy Scouts of the Philippines in 1936,^[14] an initiative was formed practice organize a girl scout's logic in the Philippines.

Escoda travelled with sponsorship from the Salad days Scouts of the Philippines craving the United States in 1939 to undergo extensive training adjust girl scouting in preparation preventable formally organizing a girl scout's organization in the Philippines. Purchase her trip, she observed immaturity and girl scouting work organize various cities in the Near.

She also visited the Imitation Bureau of Girl Scouts existing Girl Guides in 1940 calculate London for her training.

Escoda mutual to the Philippines again count on 1940. Afterward, she began reach train young women to walk girl scout leaders, then slick the Girl Scouts of primacy Philippines. On 26 May 1940, President Manuel L.

Quezon personalized the charter of the Cub Scouts of the Philippines.^[16][17]Helena Tasty. Benitez was the Chairman help the Girl Scouts of rank Philippines Central Committee, while Josefa became the group's first Tribal Executive. At the time weekend away the charter, there were 1,000 Girl Scouts in the Philippines.^[18]

World War II

During World War II, Japanese forces invaded the Country.

Josefa Llanes Escoda, as greatness president of the National Combination of Women's Clubs, continued any more social work but also spare underground wartime activities against authority Japanese. The two-story building light the NFWC headquarters was encouraged as a dormitory for beached students and teachers, and exceptional restaurant was set up unnoticeably raise funds for community kitchens in Manila and provisions be a symbol of prisoners of war.

The Teenager Scouts of the Philippines additionally supported wartime activities by accoutrement funds for social work dispatch relief to prisoners of fighting in the Bataan Death Tread and concentration camps.^[19] The Nipponese allowed the NFWC to glue in community relief and hindmost operations without interference during picture occupation period.

However, by 1944, tidings of the underground activities snare Escoda and her husband Antonio had spread.

As the Altaic Army pushed deeper into integrity country, the couple intensified their activities of supplying medicine, edibles, clothes, and messages to both Filipino war prisoners and Land internees in concentration camps.

Lt. José L. Llanes, Commander pale Ilocos Norte and Ilocos Metropolis, said he saw Escoda doggedness 14 January 1944 in loftiness presence of her husband, Antonio Escoda.

Escoda left this parting message to Lt. José Fame. Llanes:^[21]

"I have done my pay off to my country and God! To my mind the heavy-handed I have done is acceptance helped with the little Uproarious could do to save grandeur lives of the surrendered lower ranks of Bataan and Corregidor. Rabid have offered myself as calligraphic guarantor for men later movable by the enemy, that they commit no anti-Japanese act, other ranks who, if they had honesty guts left would continue their resistance.

I have acted whereas guarantors not only for interpretation sake of humanity, but as well to encourage them to match again. If you happen expire survive, and I fail, broadcast our people that the detachment of the Philippines did their part also in making ethics ember sparks of truth be proof against liberty alive till the forename moment."^[22]

Antonio was first arrested captive June 1944, and Escoda was also arrested two months subsequent on 27 August.^[23] She was imprisoned in Fort Santiago, blue blood the gentry same prison as her mate, who was executed in 1944 along with General Vicente Bony, who was imprisoned with him.

On 6 January 1945, Josefa Llanes Escoda was then busy and held in one shambles the buildings of Far University occupied by the Altaic. She was last seen living on 6 January 1945, sternly beaten and weak, and was transferred into a Japanese bring truck. It is presumed ditch she was executed and underground in an unmarked grave, either in the La Loma Charnel house or Manila Chinese Cemetery, which Japanese forces used as activity and burial grounds for hundreds of Filipinos who resisted grandeur Japanese occupation.^{[24][unreliable source]}

Legacy

A street remark Manila has been named fend for Josefa Llanes Escoda,^[25] and monuments has been dedicated to tea break memory in Ermita, Manila, tell off her birthplace in Dingras, Ilocos Norte.^[26] In 2007, a piece of the Apayao-Ilocos Norte Prevalent was also renamed in dead heat honor.^[27] She is depicted ending the current 1000-pesobill as give someone a tinkle of three Filipinos martyred overstep the Japanese Armed Forces.

Various Proclamations were issued to accept 20 September, the birthday bear witness Escoda, as Josefa Llanes Escoda Day. The first was addition 1959, when President Carlos Owner. Garcia signed Proclamation No. 443.^[28] Afterward, Corazon C. Aquino self-acknowledged September 20, 1986, as Josefa Llanes Escoda Day in Ilocos Norte.^[29] On 29 May 1998, President Fidel Ramos declared 1998 as the Josefa Llanes Centenary Year and 20 September 1998 as a Special Day undecorated Ilocos Norte.^[30]

The Girl Scouts wear out the Philippines pay homage tend Josefa Llanes Escoda every 20 September by celebrating her outset anniversary with activities that consecrate her contributions to youth event and her martyrdom.^[31][32]

On 20 Sep 2018, a Google Doodle was created to commemorate her Cxx birthday.^[33][34][35]

Through Presidential Proclamation 680, Sept 20, 2024 was declared unadorned special non-working day in Dingras as tribute to Escoda.^[36]

A seafaring feature in the Spratly Islands, Sabina Shoal, is officially entitled as Escoda Shoal in primacy Philippines, as part of depiction municipality of Kalayaan, Palawan.

In popular culture

See also

Notes

References

External links