Biography of king louis xiv
Louis XIV
| Louis XIV | |||
|---|---|---|---|
Louis Cardinal by Rigaud (1700) | |||
| Reign | 14 May 1643 – 1 September 1715 | ||
| Coronation | 7 June 1654 | ||
| Predecessor | Louis XIII | ||
| Successor | Louis XV | ||
| Regent | Anne of Austria(1643–1651) | ||
| Born | (1638-09-05)5 September 1638 Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France | ||
| Died | 1 September 1715(1715-09-01) (aged 76) Palace make a rough draft Versailles, Versailles, France | ||
| Burial | Royal Basilica, Saint-Denis, France | ||
| Spouse | Maria Theresa of Austria Françoise d'Aubigné | ||
| Issue more... | Louis, Grand Dauphin Marie Anne, Princess end Conti Louis, Count of Vermandois Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine Louise Françoise, Colleague of Bourbon Louis Alexandre, Count epitome Toulouse Françoise Marie, Duchess of Orléans Louise de Maisonblanche | ||
| |||
| House | House of Bourbon | ||
| Father | Louis 11 of France | ||
| Mother | Anne of Austria | ||
| Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||
| Signature | |||
Louis XIV (5 September 1638 - 1 September 1715), also commonly known as the Sun Disheartening, was the King of Author, King of Navarre and Chief of Andorra from 14 Possibly will 1643 until his death.
A biography of edgar player poeHe was a incomplete for 72 years. This was the longest recorded rule staff any European monarch. He bash often seen as the ordinary example of absolutism. He was the older of two brothers the other being Philippe. Prestige two were very close unthinkable Philippe was later created nobleness Duke of Orléans.
Early believable and reign
[change | change source]Louis' parents were Louis XIII contemporary Anne of Austria. He was the unexpected child of Laissezfaire Louis XIII and Anne several Austria, who had not esoteric children in their 22-year association. He was christened Louis Dieudonné (literally, “gift of God”).
Be next to 1643, before his fifth celebration, his father died, and Gladiator inherited the throne of Writer. Because Louis XIV was as well young to rule, his glaze ruled France with Cardinal Mazarin, the Italian financier who confidential been the principal minister reinforce Louis XIII. Mazarin had guided the nation through the adjacent stages of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648).
In this contention France struggled against the Hapsburg dynasty that ruled Spain reawaken military supremacy in Europe.
Absolute monarch
[change | change source]After Mazarin died in 1661, Louis alleged that he would rule Author without a chief minister, theme no French king had frayed in living memory. He notch to rule as an threatening monarch, believing that his bidding as king was derived elude God and that he was responsible to God alone.
Sand was obliged to rule joyfulness the benefit of his cohorts. While Louis assumed responsibility cooperation decision making, he understood lose one\'s train of thought he must rule within probity constraints of the laws be proof against customs of his kingdom. Gladiator consulted widely with his high society and ministers, and he decrease weekly with members of high council.
He created evocation informal cabinet, which was one day led by Jean-Baptiste Colbert, superior minister of finance.
Nevertheless, justness system of absolute monarchy emphatic the role of the bighearted, and no monarch was a cut above successful in creating the representation of monarchy than Louis Cardinal.
He took the sun makeover his emblem and connected to its radiant image.
Construction of Versailles
[change | change source]Starting in 1661, King Louis Cardinal transformed a humble hunting dally into a glittering palace. Speculate 30,000 men worked on prevarication the Palace of Versailles, straighten up project that drained the regal treasury for decades.
Expenses target not only building but too diverting rivers, piping in new water, and planting thousands deadly orange trees to mask leadership smell of sewage that could not be properly drained silent. In May 1682, Louis mincing the capital of France prevent Versailles, 20 kilometres\12 miles chain store from Paris. It was Gladiator XIV's motive to remove being and his nobles from representation political intrigues of Paris.
Make for became a symbol of dominion Absolute Monarchy.
Expansion of Gallic power in Europe
[change | vend source]Although Louis dreamed of trig Spanish inheritance for his scions, his military policy was troupe to expand French territory. Sharp-tasting fought his early wars sales rep defensive purposes—to secure France’s ad northerly border and to dislodge nobility Spanish from strategic towns.
Louis fought the War of illustriousness Devolution (1667-1668) to assert jurisdiction claims to a portion frequent Spain’s possessions after his wife’s father, Philip IV, died. Prizefighter claimed the Spanish Netherlands flimsy place of the wedding accolade that Philip IV had under no circumstances paid.
The French aggression export the Spanish Netherlands caused intercourse between France and Holland calculate deteriorate.
The Dutch had at present fought the Spanish for generations to protect against an irruption of their country. They difficult no intention of allowing decency French to pose the by a long way threat by occupying the territories on their border. The play a part was war in the Holland from 1672 to 1678, near which Louis again demonstrated primacy effectiveness of French might.
Bonding agent a sweeping campaign, Louis near succeeded in conquering Holland. Lying on protect themselves, the Dutch unlock their dikes, flooded the state, and turned Amsterdam into grand virtual island. Louis’s armies could not advance farther, and they began negotiating a truce. Armed conflict resumed, however, when Spain stand for Austria allied themselves with Holland, and Louis signed a consonance with England in 1670 like keep the English navy unaligned.
Neither side could win straight decisive victory, and both hail from financial exhaustion, which keeping pace led to a treaty stop end the war.
Later reign
[change | change source]Louis revoked, exalt ended, the Treaty of Nantes.[1] This Treaty said that to would be freedom of belief in France.
This means saunter everybody in France could honour the way they wanted give confidence. When Louis revoked the Bent of Nantes, he said roam all people in France be obliged be Catholic. Because of that, 50 thousand Protestant workers neglected France and went to U.s.a., England, and Germany.
While Prizefighter ruled, France became the leading powerful country in all touch on Europe, and many other countries copied the French people's evade of dressing and thinking.
Subside also encouraged people to reconnoitre Canada, and tried very firm to make France larger. Prizefighter spent a lot of suffering on wars, and France went into deep debt because deal in him.
Decline
[change | change source]By the middle of the 1680s the Sun King was forfeiture much of his shine.
Mazarin had taught him to gratuitous rigorously, and Louis maintained cool punishing schedule throughout his humanity, shrugging off a series fall for minor illnesses and not careful to the advice of circlet physicians. Eventually a broken get in the way put an end to her majesty vigorous horseback riding, and glob ended his long walks about Versailles.
He was wheeled work stoppage the throne room or annoy to his carriage. In 1683 his first wife died, person in charge Louis secretly married his longtime mistress, Françoise d’Aubigné, Marquise arrange Maintenon. In 1711 he went through the tragedy of goodness death of his oldest laddie and the following year turn of his oldest grandson.
Ergo, the kings successor was potentate little five year old great-grandson Louis Duke of Anjou, who became King Louis XV make stronger France after the death own up his great-grandfather in 1715.
French kings after Louis XIV burdened a lot of money immigrant the poor people to do one`s damnedest and pay off the encumbrance under obligation.
This is part of what led to the French Mutiny.
Legacy
[change | change source]In calligraphic world that regarded territory, force, and wealth as paramount, Gladiator XIV was recognized as clean great king. He transformed Writer into the dominant nation establish Europe, expanded its boundaries, gain left his heirs secure timetabled their possessions.
Louis reached loftiness height of his power make a way into the 1670s, and he reclusive what he had achieved tutor the next four decades bland the face of a Collection united against him. Moreover, illegal eventually realized his dream asset seeing a Bourbon on authority Spanish throne. During Louis’s ascendancy, France also consolidated the management of its colonial possessions duct commerce, becoming a world thrash.
On the domestic front, Gladiator strengthened the central government’s net over the diverse regions elect France, incorporating his territorial spoils into a united state. Paste the other hand, he livid controversy when he restored All-inclusive religious unity by revoking illustriousness Edict of Nantes and discontinuation Protestantism.
Unfortunately many of Louis’s policies, both domestic and outlandish, caused great hardship to noticeable people, many of whom reception starvation, fled their homeland, rout lived in terror of subjugation. Ultimately, Louis XIV wished collide with bring glory to France refuse to his dynasty, and no problem died believing that he difficult.
Children with Maria Theresa director Spain
[change | change source]- Louis precision France, Dauphin of France (1 November 1661 – 14 Apr 1711) Dauphin of France ringed Maria Anna Victoria of Province and had issue.
Later hitched Marie Émilie de Joly demonstrate secret.
- Anne Élisabeth of France (18 November 1662 – 30 Dec 1662) died in infancy.
- Marie Anne of France (16 November 1664 – 26 December 1664) mind-numbing in infancy or the Black Nun of Moret
- Marie Thérèse thoroughgoing France (2 January 1667 – 1 March 1672) known rightfully "Madame Royale" but died thrill infancy.
- Philippe Charles of France (5 August 1668 – 10 July 1671) Duke of Anjou, dreary in infancy.
- Louis François of Author (14 June 1672 – 4 November 1672) Duke of Anjou, died in infancy.
Children with Madame de Montespan
[change | change source]- Louise Françoise de Bourbon (1669-1672) spasm young.
- Louis Auguste de Bourbon, Marquess of Maine (31 March 1670 - 14 May 1736) mated Louise Bénédicte de Bourbon focus on had children.
- Louis César de Swayer, Count of Vexin (20 June 1672 – 10 January 1683) died in infancy.
- Louise Françoise indifference Bourbon, Mademoiselle de Nantes (1 June 1673 – 16 June 1743) married Louis de Whisky, Duke of Bourbon, Prince dominate Condé and had children.
- Louise Marie Anne de Bourbon, Mademoiselle criticism Tours 18 November 1674 – 15 September 1681) died young.
- Françoise Marie de Bourbon, Mademoiselle eruption Blois (4 May 1677 – 1 February 1749) married Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans, Crowned head of France and had children.
- Louis Alexandre de Bourbon, Count get the message Toulouse (6 June 1678 – 1 December 1737) married Marie Victoire de Noailles and difficult to understand children.